Grand Masters’ Crypt – St John’s Co-Cathedral, Valletta, Malta
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Introduction
Grand Master Frà Martino Garzes was the 53rd Grand Master of the Order of the Knights of St John, ruling Malta from 1595 until his death in 1601. His magistracy represents the closing years of the 16th century — a period of consolidation, stability, and institutional development for the Order following the dramatic events of the Great Siege of 1565 and the building of Valletta.
Today, Garzes is buried in the Grand Masters’ Crypt beneath St John’s Co-Cathedral in Valletta, among the leaders who shaped Malta’s transformation into a major Mediterranean stronghold.
Early Life and Election as Grand Master
Martino Garzes was born around 1525 in Spain and belonged to the Langue of Aragon within the Order of St John. He rose through the ranks and served as Castellan of Emposta, a prestigious administrative and military position within the Order.
On 8 May 1595, following the death of Grand Master Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle, Garzes was elected Grand Master at approximately 70 years of age. His election was seen as a stabilising choice during a period that required unity and careful governance.
A Period of Stability and Reform
Garzes’ rule is often described as relatively peaceful and prosperous. Unlike earlier Grand Masters who faced major military threats, his leadership focused on internal development, social reform, and strengthening Malta’s defensive infrastructure.
One of his most important contributions was the establishment of charitable institutions aimed at supporting the population. He founded the Monte di Pietà, which provided loans at fair interest rates to prevent exploitation by moneylenders.
He also introduced the Cumoli di Carità, funds designed to assist the poor, particularly by providing dowries for disadvantaged women. These initiatives highlight his concern for social welfare and economic stability.
Strengthening Malta’s Defences
Although his reign was not dominated by major wars, Garzes recognised the continued threat posed by Ottoman forces and Barbary corsairs. As a result, he focused on improving Malta’s defensive capabilities.
He played a key role in fortifying Gozo, a vulnerable island that had suffered devastating raids in the past. To protect its main harbour, Garzes personally financed the construction of a coastal watchtower.
This tower, later known as Garzes Tower or St Martin’s Tower, was built shortly after his death in 1605 and became the first coastal watchtower in Gozo. Although it no longer survives, it marked the beginning of a network of defensive towers that would later expand under subsequent Grand Masters.
Urban Development and Infrastructure
Garzes also contributed to the continued development of Valletta and Malta’s infrastructure. He supported projects aimed at improving living conditions, including attempts to address water supply issues — an ongoing challenge in the growing capital.
In addition, he laid the foundation stone for important educational institutions, including the Jesuit College in Valletta in 1595, which later evolved into the University of Malta.
His administration also dealt effectively with economic challenges such as grain shortages, ensuring stability for the population and maintaining order during a period of transition.
Relations within the Order and the Inquisition
Despite his generally stable rule, Garzes faced challenges in maintaining authority within the Order. One of the key issues during his magistracy was the growing influence of the Inquisition in Malta.
Although he sought to maintain peace, he was unable to fully prevent conflicts between the Order and ecclesiastical authorities. These tensions weakened his authority toward the end of his reign but did not overshadow his achievements.
Death and Burial in St John’s Co-Cathedral
Grand Master Martino Garzes died on 7 February 1601 at the age of approximately 75.
He was buried in the Conventual Church of the Order — St John’s Co-Cathedral — within the Grand Masters’ Crypt. His burial among the leaders of the Order reflects his importance in consolidating Malta during a critical period of its history.
The Tomb of Martino Garzes
Garzes’ tomb is regarded as a notable example of late 16th-century funerary art within St John’s Co-Cathedral. It has been described as an “interesting piece of mannerist creativity” and remains in excellent condition.
His heraldic coat of arms is also represented within the cathedral, particularly in the Chapel of Aragon, reflecting his origins within the Order’s organisational structure.
The placement of his tomb within the crypt highlights the continuity of leadership within the Order and the enduring legacy of its Grand Masters.
Legacy and Historical Importance
Martino Garzes is remembered as a prudent administrator, a reformer, and a stabilising figure in the history of Malta. His contributions may not be as dramatic as those of earlier Grand Masters, but they were crucial in ensuring the long-term strength and prosperity of the Order.
His initiatives in social welfare, infrastructure, and defence laid the groundwork for the continued development of Malta in the 17th century. The tower that bears his name, although now lost, stands as a symbol of his commitment to protecting the islands.
His reign represents a transition from survival and warfare to consolidation and governance — a vital phase in the history of the Knights of St John.
Visiting the Grand Masters’ Crypt
Visitors to St John’s Co-Cathedral can explore the Grand Masters’ Crypt and discover the resting place of Martino Garzes alongside other influential leaders of the Order.
The crypt provides a powerful historical experience, offering insight into the lives and legacies of the Grand Masters who shaped Malta.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Who was Martino Garzes?
He was the 53rd Grand Master of the Knights of St John, ruling Malta from 1595 to 1601.
When did Martino Garzes die?
He died on 7 February 1601.
Where is he buried?
He is buried in the Grand Masters’ Crypt at St John’s Co-Cathedral in Valletta.
What is Garzes Tower?
It was a coastal watchtower in Gozo financed by Garzes and built shortly after his death.