59th Grand Master of the Order of Saint John
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Introduction
Grand Master Frà Annet de Clermont de Chates Gessant (1587 – 2 June 1660) holds a unique place in the history of Malta and the Order of Saint John. As the 59th Grand Master, his rule was one of the shortest in the long and distinguished history of the Knights Hospitaller, lasting only a few months in 1660. Despite the brevity of his tenure, his legacy remains preserved within the richly decorated Chapel of the Langue of Auvergne inside St John’s Co-Cathedral in Valletta.
His life represents the dedication, military service, and noble heritage of the French Langue of Auvergne within the Order. Today, visitors to the cathedral encounter his monument and tomb as a lasting testament to his service and the enduring traditions of the Knights of Malta.
Early Life and Noble Origins
Annet de Clermont-Gessant was born in 1587 in the Auvergne region of France, into the distinguished House of Clermont-Tonnerre. His family belonged to the French nobility, and like many of his contemporaries, he pursued a career within the religious-military Order of Saint John.
He entered the Order in the early 17th century, committing himself to both religious devotion and military duty. The Order, known for defending Christendom and providing medical care, attracted individuals of noble birth and strong character. Clermont-Gessant exemplified both.
Military Career and Rise within the Order
Clermont-Gessant’s rise within the Order was shaped by decades of service. He distinguished himself early through acts of bravery, notably during military campaigns in North Africa. His participation in engagements such as the capture of Mahometta in 1606 demonstrated both courage and leadership.
Over time, he was entrusted with increasingly important roles. He served as Grand Marshal and later became Bailiff of Lyons, positions that reflected both administrative skill and military experience. By the mid-17th century, he was among the most respected members of the Order.
His close association with influential figures, including the Prince de Vendôme, further elevated his standing within the Hospitaller hierarchy. These connections, combined with his long service, ultimately positioned him as a leading candidate for the highest office within the Order.
Election as Grand Master (1660)
On 9 February 1660, following the death of Grand Master Martin de Redin, Annet de Clermont-Gessant was elected as his successor. At the time of his election, he was already advanced in age, bringing with him decades of experience and a reputation for discipline and loyalty.
His appointment came during a relatively stable period in Maltese history. Unlike earlier Grand Masters who faced major sieges or conflicts, his brief rule was marked by continuity rather than dramatic events.
However, his tenure was destined to be short. His leadership lasted only until 2 June 1660, making it one of the shortest reigns in the history of the Order.
Short Rule and Death
The rule of Grand Master Clermont-Gessant lasted approximately four months. During this time, no major political or military events occurred, largely due to the stability of the Order and the island.
His death was linked to an earlier battle wound sustained decades before. The injury, believed to have been received during his military campaigns, reopened and ultimately led to his death on 2 June 1660.
His passing marked the end of a lifetime of service to the Order. He was succeeded by Grand Master Raphael Cotoner, who continued the governance of Malta during the later 17th century.
The Chapel of the Langue of Auvergne
The Chapel of the Langue of Auvergne in St John’s Co-Cathedral serves as the final resting place of Grand Master Clermont-Gessant. This chapel represents the Auvergne division of the Order, reflecting the regional structure that defined the Knights Hospitaller.
Dedicated to Saint Sebastian, the chapel is one of the earliest Baroque spaces within the cathedral. Its rich decoration includes gilded stone carvings, Solomonic columns, and a dramatic altarpiece depicting the martyrdom of Saint Sebastian.
Completed and embellished in the mid-17th century, the chapel embodies the artistic transition from Mannerism to Baroque, showcasing the grandeur and spiritual symbolism typical of the Order’s artistic patronage.
The Tomb and Monument
The monument of Grand Master Annet de Clermont-Gessant is one of the most important features of the Chapel of Auvergne. Located along the side wall, the tomb reflects the commemorative traditions of the Order.
Unlike the elaborate floor tombs seen elsewhere in the cathedral, his monument is integrated into the architectural fabric of the chapel. It serves both as a burial marker and as a symbolic tribute to his rank and service.
Visitors to the chapel can observe the artistic detailing and Baroque ornamentation surrounding the monument, which enhances its solemn and dignified presence.
Historical Significance
Although his reign was brief, Grand Master Clermont-Gessant represents an important link in the continuous leadership of the Order of Saint John. His election reflects the internal governance and traditions of the Knights, where seniority, experience, and noble lineage played key roles.
His life also illustrates the broader European connections of Malta during the 17th century. As a French nobleman serving in a multinational Order, he embodies the international character of the Knights Hospitaller.
Today, his memory is preserved not through major historical events, but through the physical legacy of his tomb and the artistic heritage of the chapel in which he rests.
Visiting Today
Visitors to St John’s Co-Cathedral in Valletta can explore the Chapel of the Langue of Auvergne and view the monument of Grand Master Clermont-Gessant. The chapel is located on the right-hand side of the nave when facing the high altar.
As part of the cathedral’s broader collection of chapels dedicated to the different langues of the Order, it offers insight into the cultural diversity and artistic richness of the Knights of Malta.
Exploring this chapel provides a deeper understanding of the individuals who shaped Malta’s history, including those whose reigns were brief but whose legacy remains enduring.
Key Facts
- Born: 1587, Auvergne, France
- Died: 2 June 1660, Malta
- Grand Master: 9 February 1660 – 2 June 1660
- Order: Knights Hospitaller (Order of Saint John)
- Langue: Auvergne
- Burial: Chapel of the Langue of Auvergne, St John’s Co-Cathedral, Valletta
- Predecessor: Martin de Redin
- Successor: Raphael Cotoner
Frequently Asked Questions
Who was Annet de Clermont-Gessant?
He was the 59th Grand Master of the Order of Saint John who ruled Malta briefly in 1660.
Where is he buried?
He is buried in the Chapel of the Langue of Auvergne in St John’s Co-Cathedral, Valletta.
How long did he rule?
He ruled for approximately four months in 1660.
Why is he important?
He represents the continuity of leadership within the Order and the legacy of the French Langue of Auvergne in Malta.